Article
citation information:
Macioszek, E., Lach, D. Comparative
analysis of the results of general traffic measurements for the Silesian
Voivodeship and Poland. Scientific
Journal of Silesian University of Technology. Series Transport. 2018, 100, 105-113. ISSN: 0209-3324. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20858/sjsutst.2018.100.9.
Elżbieta MACIOSZEK[1],
Damian LACH[2]
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE RESULTS OF
GENERAL TRAFFIC MEASUREMENTS FOR THE SILESIAN VOIVODESHIP AND POLAND
Summary. General traffic
measurements are carried out to determine basic traffic characteristics on
voivodeship roads and national roads. The basic measure obtained during these
measurements is annual average daily traffic. This is the number of vehicles
that have passed over a specified point of a road section within a 24-h period
on average within one year. For voivodeship roads, average daily traffic,
average daily evening traffic and average daily night traffic are also
determined. In the case of national
roads, average daily summer traffic and average daily winter traffic are
determined. The article presents a comparison of the characteristics for
national roads in the Silesian Voivodeship and for national roads in Poland in
the period 2000-2015.
Keywords: general traffic
measurements; annual average daily traffic; road traffic engineering.
1. INTRODUCTION
General traffic
measurements (GTM) are carried out to determine basic traffic characteristics
on voivodeship roads and national roads. It should not be forgotten that
traffic has a direct impact on the number of accidents and injured people,
including pedestrians [1,2,9]. By determining basic characteristics, it is
possible to assess the transport needs of residents of smaller or larger
cities, as well as to determine their mobility rate in the road network [10].
GTM are carried out every five years, with the General Directorate of National
Roads and Motorways responsible for them. The first measurements were made in
1926 on the then state road network. Subsequent measurements were made in 1954
and had a rather limited scope. In 1965, the GTM system was unified and the
measurement cycle lasted 14 days. Research was then carried out every five
years until 1985. In 1985, changes were made to shorten the measurement cycle
from 14 to nine days and the survey itself concerned only national roads. The
system operating today was introduced in 2000 and dictated by administrative
changes in Poland. The basic measure obtained during the performance of GTM is
annual average daily traffic (AADT). This refers to the number of vehicles that
have passed over a chosen point of a given segment within 24 hours on average
over the course of the year. The GTM also determine average daily traffic,
average evening traffic and average night traffic for voivodeship roads. In the
case of national roads, average daily summer traffic and average daily winter
traffic are also determined. Another important measure determined during the
GTM is the load of the road during average daily traffic, which refers to the
number of vehicles passing over 1 km of a chosen road in a given unit of time [3,8].
All tests carried out by the General Directorate of National Roads and
Motorways in the period 2000-2015 contain data divided into individual groups
of motor vehicle types. The article presents a comparative analysis of the
results of GTM in the period 2000-2015, as carried out in the Silesian
Voivodeship, and the results of the GTM for Poland [4-7].
2. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF GENERAL TRAFFIC
MEASUREMENTS
2.1. Annual average
daily traffic
For national roads in
Poland and in the Silesian Voivodeship, the course of changes in AADT for the
period 2000-2015 is presented. Figure 1 shows a graph for the given course.
On the basis of the
above figure, it can be noted that AADT growth tendencies are similar for
national roads in Poland and in the Silesian Voivodeship. The exception is
2010, in which the increase in AADT is higher for the Silesian Voivodeship than
for national roads in Poland. In addition, it can be observed that the value of
AADT in the Silesian Voivodeship is significantly higher than in Poland. The
highest difference was recorded in 2015 and amounted to around 9,000
vehicles/day, which means that the average daily traffic in this year was
higher in Silesia by 80% compared to the indicator referring to the whole
country.
2.2.
Annual average daily traffic of individual generic groups of vehicles
The diagrams below show
the AADT courses divided into individual groups of motor vehicles on national
roads in the Silesian Voivodeship and in Poland for the period 2000-2015.
Figure 2 shows the AADT courses for motorcycles.
Fig. 1. Value of AADT
for national roads in Poland and in the Silesia Voivodeship
Fig. 2. Comparison of
the AADT for motorcycles in the Silesian Voivodeship and in Poland
The graph shows that, in
the period 2005-2010, there was a dynamic increase in the number of motorcycles
on national roads in the Silesian Voivodeship and Poland. A large difference
was recorded in the number of motorcycles between the Silesian Voivodeship and
the entire country. The highest difference occurred in 2015, when there was
about 30 vehicles/day, which means that the AADT in the Silesian Voivodeship
was greater by about 70% in relation to the same indicator designated for the
country. Figure 3 shows the distribution of AADT for passenger cars.
Fig. 3. Comparison of
the AADT for cars in the Silesian Voivodeship and in Poland
The graph shows the AADT
courses for passenger cars in two analysed areas. Passenger cars represent the
major part of all motor vehicles in the analysed context. Thus, the courses of
individual AADT are similar to those shown in Figure 1. In 2010, a significant
increase in the indicator was observed. The largest difference between the
analysed areas occurred in 2015, amounting to approximately 7,000 vehicles/day.
Figure 4 shows the AADT courses for light trucks.
In 2005, the number of
vehicles on national roads decreased in the Silesian Voivodeship. The
dependence does not coincide with the indicator trend for the whole country. In
2015, the highest difference occurred between the indicators of the two
analysed areas and amounted to approximately 70%. Figure 5 shows the AADT for
trucks with a trailer.
The number of vehicles
in a given generic group is constantly increasing. The difference between
indicators for the analysed areas is also increasing. Higher values were
recorded for the Silesian Voivodeship. The difference is around 65%. Figure 6
shows the AADT courses for trucks without a trailer.
In the whole analysed
period, the number of trucks without trailers in individual areas decreased. In
contrast to other generic groups of vehicles, the biggest difference occurred
in 2000. This difference systematically decreased until 2015. Figure 7 shows
the AADT for buses.
Fig. 4. Comparison of
the AADT for light trucks in the Silesian Voivodeship and in Poland
Fig. 5. Comparison of
the AADT for trucks with a trailer in the Silesian Voivodeship
and in Poland
Fig. 6. Comparison of
the AADT for trucks without a trailer in the Silesian Voivodeship
and in Poland
Fig. 7. Comparison of
the AADT for buses in the Silesian Voivodeship and in Poland
In 2010, the number of
vehicles in the discussed group dropped the most, both in the Silesian
Voivodeship and in Poland. The difference between the indicators shows a
constant tendency for the entire analysis period. Similar to the other generic
groups of motor vehicles discussed, the group comprising buses shows higher
AADT in Silesia than in Poland. Figure 8 shows the AADT courses for
agricultural tractors.
Fig. 8. Comparison of the
AADT for agricultural tractors in the Silesian Voivodeship and in Poland
In the analysed period,
there was a constant decreasing trend in the discussed indicators. In 2005, the
largest indicator difference was found between the analysed areas. In addition,
it was the only group of generic vehicles that showed lower values of the
indicator in the Silesian Voivodeship compared to the rest of the country.
2.3.
Load of road with annual average daily traffic
Figure 8 shows a road
load group for AADT on national roads in the Silesian Voivodeship and Poland.
The graph shows a large
difference in the AADT road load between the Silesian Voivodeship and the rest
of the country. The difference is around 3,700%. In 2010, there was a
significant variation in the increase in the AADT road load in the Silesian
Voivodeship compared to the entire country. While, in Poland, the discussed
indicator shows a relatively steady increase, in the Silesian Voivodeship,
there was a dynamic increase in the number of vehicles per kilometre on a given
road. In 2015, the road load AADT showed a decreased trend. This is due to the
fact that new road sections had been build, which resulted in the spreading of
traffic flows.
Fig.9. Comparison of the
AADT road load in the Silesian Voivodeship and in Poland
3. CONCLUSIONS
The following conclusions were made on the basic of the presented
analysis:
·
The results were presented for the period 2000-2015.
·
AADT comparison was presented in summary form for all vehicles and
separately for each generic group of motor vehicles.
·
AADT comparison for the Silesian Voivodeship and the entire country was
presented in the first place for all groups of vehicles. In the Silesian
Voivodeship, AADT shows much higher values in relation to the whole country.
·
In most cases, AADT for the Silesian Voivodeship exceeds the values of
the same indicator for Poland. AADT for agricultural tractors is an exception.
·
In most cases, AADT values show an increased trend throughout the
analysis period.
·
Differences between the AADT for the Silesian Voivodeship and that for
Poland show an increased trend. The only exception is AADT for trucks without a
trailer, where the largest difference between the analysed areas occurred in
2000 and decreased in subsequent years.
·
AADT road load increases in subsequent years of analysis in both areas.
·
A significant difference was found between the AADT load in the Silesian
Voivodeship and that in Poland.
·
The trend of increasing values of AADT road load are similar in the two
analysed areas. The exception is 2010, in which a sudden increase in the
discussed indicator for the Silesian Voivodeship was observed.
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Received 09.04.2018; accepted in revised form 27.08.2018
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